Antara Transparansi dan Manipulasi: Peran Fraud Pentagon dan Sustainability Disclosure dalam Financial Statement Fraud

Chrisnando Marshall Tambunan; Wukuf Dilva Rafa; Syarif M.Helmi

doi:10.33395/owner.v10i4.3779

Authors

Chrisnando Marshall Tambunan
✉ Corresponding author: chrisnandomt202@gmail.com Universitas Tanjungpura
Wukuf Dilva Rafa Universitas Tanjungpura
Syarif M.Helmi Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v10i4.3779

Keywords:

Fraud Pentagon, Financial Statement Fraud, Sustainability Disclosure, Beneish M-Score, Transportation and Logistics.

Abstract

To understand what drives financial statement fraud, this study analyzes the Fraud Pentagon elements within 18 transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2020–2024), positioning sustainability disclosure as a potential moderator. By evaluating 90 firm-year observations through Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) and measuring fraud with the modified six-ratio Beneish M-Score, the findings reveal that only opportunity (p = 0.0422) and executive arrogance (p = 0.0010) directly trigger fraudulent reporting. Meanwhile, pressure, rationalization, competence, and sustainability disclosure alone do not show direct significant effects. Interestingly, rather than acting as a universal safeguard, sustainability disclosure specifically functions as a governance mechanism that successfully constrains the negative impact of executive arrogance on fraud (p = 0.0014). The data also indicates no meaningful differences in financial pressure, fraud incidence, or sustainability practices when comparing the COVID-19 era to the post-pandemic phase. Ultimately, by integrating ESG reporting into the Fraud Pentagon during an economic transition, this research highlights that corporate transparency is a targeted accountability tool rather than a blanket cure for all fraud risks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Azizah, I., Jannah, B. S., Putri, T. C., Arfiani, A., & Alfarizi, M. S. (2022). Menggali Makna Akuntansi Perspektif Fresh Graduate Program Studi Akuntansi. Aktsar: Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21043/aktsar.v5i1.12675

Azzahra, M., Yohani, Y., & Fatah, K. (2023). Analisis Dampak Sebelum Dan Di Saat Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Harga Saham Dan Laba Perusahaan Sub Sektor Transportasi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.35906/jurakun.v9i1.1273

Dewi, V. A. W. T., & Ginting, R. (2022). Pentagon Fraud in Mining Companies Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 7(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.30736/ja.v7i1.949

Dwi Maryadi, A., & Suranta, E. (2020). Pengaruh fraud pentagon dalam mendeteksi fraudulent financial reporting. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 2(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v2i1.104

Faidah, F., & Suwarti, T. (2018). Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud Dengan Analisis Fraud Pentagon Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2015 – 2017. 7.

Hogan, C. E., Rezaee, Z., Riley, R. A., & Velury, U. K. (2008). Financial Statement Fraud: Insights From The Academic Literature. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 27(2), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2008.27.2.231

Kawulur, H. R., & Kala, D. (2024). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Manado (JAIM), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.53682/jaim.vi.3987

Kurniawati, R. O., & Sucipto, A. (2023). Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Transportasi Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 4(3), 861–868. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v4i3.2730

Maharani, P., Deby, D., & Yuda, Y. (2025). Analisis Struktur Etika Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (Iai): Tinjauan Sistematis. Journal of Development Economics and Digitalization, Tourism Economics, 2(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.70248/jdedte.v2i1.1750

Nadziliyah, H., & Primasari, N. S. (2022). Analisis Fraud Hexagon Terhadap Financial Statement Fraud Pada Perusahaan Sektor Infrastruktur, Utilitas Dan Transportasi. Accounting and Finance Studies, 2(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs21.2702022

Oktaviani, H., & Istiqomah, D. F. (2022). Teori Fraud Pentagon: Peran Dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Keuangan Tahun 2018-2020). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi, 7(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.24815/jimeka.v7i2.20778

Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of Theory and Evidence on Problems and Perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467

Persons, O. S. (2005). The Relation Between the New Corporate Governance Rules and the Likelihood of Financial Statement Fraud. Review of Accounting and Finance, 4(2), 125–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb043426

Putri, P. M. U. (2025). Financial Statement Fraud Dalam Perspektif Fraud Hexagon.

Rahayu, D. (2023). Pengaruh Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance dan Periode Terjadi Covid19 Terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Perbankan Indonesia. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 9(3), 762–773. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v9i3.1133

Rahayu, R. A., Hariyanto, W., & Almanfaluti, I. K. (2023). Pendeteksian Financial Statement Fraud dengan Menggunakan F-Score Model: Perspektif Fraud Pentagon Theory. Owner, 7(3), 2193–2204. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i3.1575

Rezaee, Z. (2005). Causes, consequences, and deterence of financial statement fraud. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 16(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1045-2354(03)00072-8

Rohmatin, B. L., Apriyanto, G., & Zuhroh, D. (2021). The Role of Good Corporate Governance to Fraud Prevention: An analysis based on the Fraud Pentagon. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 25(2), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i2.5554

Sujeewa, G. M. M., Yajid, M. S. A., Khatibi, A., Azam, S. M. F., & Dharmaratne, I. (2018). THE New Fraud Triangle Theory - Integrating Ethical Values Of Employees. 16(5).

Susanti, T. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Laporan Keuanganberdasarkan Teori Agensi (Studi Pada Opd Se-Eks Karesidenan Pati). Accounting Global Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24176/agj.v1i1.3330

Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score Models and Data Mining to Detect Financial Fraud. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.122

Vitolla, F., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2020). Board characteristics and integrated reporting quality: An agency theory perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 1152–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1879

Wibowo, D., & Putra, Y. (2023). Factors that Influence Financial Statement Fraud with Fraud Pentagon Analysis. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, 8(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v8i1.271

Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The Fraud Diamond: Considering the Four Elements of Fraud.

Wuryaningrat, N. F. (2023). Analisis Fraud Pentagon Dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Periode Pandemi Covid-19. 1(2).

Yanti, D. D. (2021). Analisis Fraud Pentagon Terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Pada Sektor Perusahan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 3(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.31599/jmu.v3i1.861